Arnold and others propose that the Egyptians shaped stones too hard to cut with copper with stone pounders! Arnold writes:
"The picture is completed by the presence of huge quantities of spherical balls of dolerite and elongated mauls or axes all over Pharaonic construction sites...By bouncing the dolerite balls, which weighed up to 6 kilograms [13 pounds] or more, at a certain angle and rhythm, the surface of a stone like granite was bruised and ground down to powder."
If we follow Arnold's logic (remembering that most limestone pyramid blocks are too hard to cut with copper), millions of pyramid blocks would have to be shaped to conform to tier heights and other specifications with pounding balls! In that case, the tools used to build the pyramids were made of very tough greenish-black dolerite (any of various coarse basalts) or other hard rocks. It staggers the imagination to think that the Great Pyramids could be built by this means.
Arnold's suggestion suits Pyramid Age technology, and, given enough time, pounding rocks can produce results. A mason could build a wall this way, but the scale and perfection of the Great Pyramids cannot have been achieved with pounding balls. It would be impossible to produce 115,000 massive, perfectly sloped, massive casing blocks that custom-fit as close as 1/800th of an inch or in perfect contact. The area of the four faces covered 2,379,842 cubic feet. Arnold admits to serious problems:
"It is difficult to imagine, however, how this method was applied to inclined, vertical, or even overhanging planes...We do not know exactly how the masons achieved two corresponding and neatly fitted planes on two neighboring blocks."
We see that Egyptology's last option, stone tools, is unworkable. Something is fundamentally wrong with the standard paradigm of pyramid construction.
So far, these excerpts have shown that the 4th Dynasty Egyptians had no means of cutting and raising millions of massive medium hard limestone blocks. In short, copper tools are too soft to cut the blocks, pounding balls are inadequate, ramps would have to be too massive to be viable for elevating blocks, and levering blocks would be too slow and dangerous.
The Egyptian Pyramid Mystery Is Solved! presents many examples showing that there is a fundamental problem with the accepted theory of how the ancient Egyptians made monuments and other items of hard stone.
Machinist Christopher Dunn is among theorists who have tried to solve the problem of how hard stone was cut. He asserts that power tools must have been used, and he envisions the Great Pyramid as some kind of wireless power plant that powered such tools. The next excerpt from from The Egyptian Pyramid Mystery Is Solved! summarizes Christopher Dunn's point of view:
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